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Each year, more than 500,000 women in the developing world die during pregnancy or childbirth. Correspondence to Jerker Liljestrand, Principal Health Specialist, Health, Nutrition and Population, Human Development Network, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433, USA. Emergency Obstetric Care: Strategy for Reducing Maternal ... Strategies to reduce global maternal mortality A Framework for Analyzing the Determinants of Maternal ... To bring about improvements to maternity care and to . Strategies for Improving Maternal Health Charlan D. Kroelinger, PhD Chief, Maternal and Infant Health Branch, Division of Reproductive Health, CDC. As of 2018, the U.S. maternal mortality rate was 17.4 per 100,000 live births, amounting to 658 lives lost as a . This study used the Global Maternal Health Policy Model to evaluate the benefits and costs of several different strategies to reduce maternal mortality in India. of maternal mortality and interventions to reduce levels of maternal mortality. Feasible E-Health Strategies to Reduce Maternal Mortality in Kenya: 10.4018/IJEACH.2020070103: Maternal mortality remains a persistent cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa. These research and programmatic efforts have considered a diverse set of factors thought to be associated with maternal mortality. Despite the leaps and bounds made in healthcare in recent decades, the maternal mortality rate in the United States is still jarringly high. Although this figure will not be reached globally, child mortality has nevertheless been reduced by 53% over . PDF Strategies toward ending preventable maternal mortality (EPMM) Eleven other Sustainable Development Goals provide opportunities to intervene. In the past few decades, there has been an impressive decline in the mortality of children younger than 5 years worldwide. Reducing Maternal Mortality: Steps To Improve Outcomes. More Information. Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in 2015, an estimated 546 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births; the MMR for high-income countries (HICs) was an estimated 17 maternal . • International consensus and multi- sectoral efforts are inevitable parts of global maternal health strategy. We begin by presenting the logic that informs our strategic choices. Although e-health technologies are rapidly advancing, many technologies are Read more about Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980-2008 on The Lancet Web site. CDC Global Health Strategy MDG 4: Reduce child mortality Eliminate preventable under-five mortality Reduce undernutrition Support the GHI to achieve major improvements in health outcomes through strengthened health systems, with emphasis on women, children, and families, as confirmation of the US commitment to the health-related Millennium What, exactly, is the U.S. rate? Strategies to reduce disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality: The role of obesity and metabolic disease Christina Paidas Teefey, Celeste P. Durnwald Pages 287-292 Authors Lill Nyfløt 1 , Vasilis Sitras 2 Affiliations . 2 Reducing maternal, newborn and child deaths Table 1 Summary of child and maternal health indicators for the region MDG 4 - to reduce child mortality by two-thirds Child mortality rate per 1000 live births 2006* No. Here we aim to show that, despite this complexity, only a few strategic choices need to be made to reduce maternal mortality. By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. Oklahoma's Maternal Mortality Review Committee identified hypertension and hemorrhage as major contributors to maternal mortality in the state. Most of these deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Goldie SJ, 2. improvements in skilled birth attendance, referral need, transport, and availability/quality . These global and national maternal mortality targets, developed by a group of technical experts through extensive consultations with global and country-level stakeholders, were published in a 2015 report, Strategies for Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality (EPMM Strategies). that may inform prevention strategies. Next, we evaluated strategies to further reduce maternal mortality beyond what has already been achieved, and considered single interventions (e.g. The concept of knowing what works in terms of reducing maternal mortality is complicated by a huge diversity of country contexts and of determinants of maternal health. The World Bank is redoubling efforts in nutrition, health care, infrastructure, and other areas that can help . Using Incentives to Reduce Maternal Mortality in Nigeria. Accelerating reduction of maternal mortality strategies and targets beyond 2015: 8-9 April 2013, Geneva, Switzerland 31 Annex 3. In the next several months, the Initiative for Maternal Mortality Programme Assessment (Immpact) will complete a . the Ghanaian perspective on MDG5; and (3) local responses to Ghana's maternal mortality burden. Maternal mortality is highest among sub-Saharan Africans, with 546 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, or roughly 200,000 maternal deaths a year — compared to 13 . of reducing maternal deaths by th-quarters from 1995 to 2015.ree Despite the global commitment to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by 5.5% each year, the current rate of decline is less than 0.4% per annum [13]. Despite longstanding international commitments to reducing maternal mortality, so far progress has been disappointing. Despite global efforts to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality, the availability and utilization of maternal and child health care remains low in many low-income contexts, especially those marked by ongoing conflict and civil unrest. This strategy, strengthened by its measurement framework, should contribute to the overall global efforts to improve maternal and newborn survival, reducing deaths by two thirds by 2030. If over the next 5 y the unmet need for spacing and limiting births was met, more than 150,000 maternal deaths would be prevented; more than US 1 b i l l i o n s a v e d; a n d a t l e a s t o n e o f e v e r y t w o a b o r t i o n . Strategies to reduce global maternal mortality. 1. 14-16 April, 2014, Bangkok, Thailand 35 At the current rate of decline, it The media has a critical role to play in promoting social . The child mortality MDG is one of the goals lagging farthest behind: more than half of all countries are not on track to reduce the under-5 death rate by two-thirds by 2015, and less than one third of IDA countries will meet the goal. Before 1950, maternal mortality rates dropped by 71 percent. The appropriate outcomes—maternal, neonatal, and fetal mortality—are able to be measured, but since maternal mortality is a relatively rare event, obtaining an accurate estimate of the effectiveness of skilled attendance at childbirth on reducing maternal mortality would require a very large population study. Yet, in places that lack strong vital registration systems, a large proportion of these deaths may go unrecorded—and thus officials do not really know the extent of the maternal mortality problem and often don't have good information on which to base programs to reduce maternal mortality. Developing countries have the worst rates, with 99% of all maternal deaths. J Liljestrand Health, Nutrition and Population, Human Development Network, The World Bank, Washington, DC 20433, USA. Emergency obstetric care is one of the strategies for reducing the maternal mortality as pregnancy related complications are unpredictable. Targets and strategies for ending maternal mortality: 16-17 January 2014, Geneva, Switzerland 33 Annex 4. Teams from 37 hospitals implemented evidence-based . Taking into account the costs, feasibility, and operational complexity of alternative interventions, we estimate the clinical and population-level benefits associated with strategies to improve the safety of pregnancy and childbirth in India. The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF estimate that each year 585,000 women die from causes related to pregnancy and childbirth.1 The disparity between developed and developing countries is greater for maternal mortality than for any other commonly-used index of health. 2007, abstract. "Between the 1970s and 1990s, the World Health Organization promoted traditional birth attendant (TBA) training as one strategy to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality." Sibley et al. Here we aim to show that, despite this complexity, only a few strategic choices need to be made to reduce maternal mortality. This briefing illustrates how human rights - and the right to the highest attainable standard of health ("right to health") in particular - can contribute new impetus, frameworks and strategies for reducing maternal mortality. Post-abortion care, better reproductive health s … Alternative Strategies to Reduce Maternal Mortality in India: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Sue J. Goldie1,3*, Steve Sweet1, Natalie Carvalho1, Uma Chandra Mouli Natchu2,4, Delphine Hu1,3 1Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Country and region-specific data were synthesized using a computer-based model that simulates the natural history of pregnancy and its associated complications. For Nigeria to drastically reduce the rate of maternal mortality, there is a need for more people (male and female) to adopt the family planning strategy. The African Union conference in Kampala which started on July 19 and will end July 27, has been discussing strategies to reduce maternal mortality. In northern Nigeria, researchers evaluated the impact of three community-based interventions designed to enhance uptake of maternal and child It is now two decades since the launch of the Global Safe . To put it differently, Nigeria has 2 per cent of the world's . Evidence from several randomized trials indicates that similar maternal and neonatal outcomes could be obtained from antenatal care in as few as five visits (on average) by focusing on interventions known to be effective in reducing morbidity and mortality (Villar et al., 2001; Carroli et al., 2001b): counseling on birth preparedness and . • Urgently required public health strategy to reduce maternal mortality, particularly in under developing countries. Children too young to be completely vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza . among the highest rates of maternal and child mortality globally, as well as high incidence of teenage pregnancy . In this regard, millennium development goal 5 has two targets: MDG 5: Reduce maternal mortality by 75 percent & achieve universal access to reproductive health. . Strategies to reduce global maternal mortality. These are delivered one step at a time, and are accessible on mobile, tablet and desktop, so you can fit learning around your life. health care delivery system to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and to propose an action orientated plan: hence the development of this Road Map. The WHO, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and the American academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) have announced detailed strategies for reducing maternal mortality rates. Hunger and malnutrition were observed to increase the incidence and fatality rate of the conditions that contribute to nearly 80 percent of maternal deaths. . Pregnant women in northern Nigeria also have limited take-up of health . . For example, some recent papers have included lists of the causes and risks of maternal mortality, which are usually organized From: Hogan MC, et al. The new aim is to reduce the global MMR to less than 70 by 2030. Women's health continues to be a particularly urgent health issue in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which account for nearly 90 percent of maternal deaths worldwide. Strategies to Reduce and Prevent Maternal Mortality. Approximately 700 women die annually in the U.S. between 2007-2016 as a result of pregnancy or its complications, according to CDC data.This is one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the developed world. On top of that, there are stark disparities along racial lines, with Black and American Indian/Alaska Native women having higher rates of pregnancy-related deaths compared to white women. This briefing illustrates how human rights - and the right to the highest attainable standard of health ("right to health") in particular - can contribute new impetus, frameworks and strategies for reducing maternal mortality. Worldwide maternal deaths declined over the past 20 years; however, it is unlikely that the United Nations' Millennium Development Goal 5 for a 75% reduction in maternal mortality by 2015 will be achieved. In response, a collaboration of partners from across the state designed and launched a hospital-based maternal safety quality improvement initiative. Women's health continues to be a particularly urgent health issue in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which account for nearly 90 percent of maternal deaths worldwide. Accelerating reduction of maternal mortality strategies and targets beyond 2015: 8-9 April 2013, Geneva, Switzerland 31 Annex 3. presents the latest data on the the state of maternal mortality indicators worldwide, and more speci cally in Latin America. Maternal mortality is highest among sub-Saharan Africans, with 546 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, or roughly 200,000 maternal deaths a year — compared to 13 . Whereas levels of infant mortality are, on average, 10 Evidence for this hypothesis is being gathered and will be synthesized and disseminated, in order to advance global learning and to maximise the potential to . The continuing challenges facing impoverished areas to reduce high levels of maternal mortality and the successes of diverse interventions are presented here. Lancet 2010;375:1609. One in 16 women in Africa and 1 in 43 women in Asia will die of maternal causes this year, compared to 1 in 2,500 in the United States. The global perspective on MDG5 The United Nations' fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) aims to improve maternal health. The data are alarming, revealing that of the half million women dying worldwide every year . The World Bank must re-evaluate its strategies for reducing maternal mortality if it is ever going to live up to its claim of being a "global leader" in improving reproductive health. 21. These global and national maternal mortality targets, developed by a group of technical experts through extensive consultations with global and country-level stakeholders, were published in a 2015 report, Strategies for Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality (EPMM Strategies). The Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health (AIM) is a national partnership of organizations working with states poised to reduce severe maternal morbidity by 100,000 events and maternal mortality by 1,000 deaths by 2018. This is commendable progress, but the ratio still remains unacceptably high. The worldwide maternal mortality ratio was 400 per 100,000 live births in 2005. "Yet, after more than three decades of experience, the evidence to support TBA training has been limited and conflicting. remains unacceptably high with maternal mortality ratios of 814 per 100,000 live-births in Nigeria, 319 per 100,000 live-births in Ghana, 121 per 100,000 live-births in Morocco etc. Carvalho N, 4. et al . To bring about improvements to maternity care and to . Maternal and neonatal mortality remains persistently high in Nigeria, accounting for 10 percent of worldwide maternal deaths. Annex 2. Sweet S, 3. -It could be lower -It hasn't decreased in the last 30 years •Maternal morality rate varies by: -Age -Birth order -Marital status -Racial/ethnic group -Prenatal care . Maternal immunization against the flu also helps protect infants from pneumonia, a common cause of childhood mortality.A 2018 analysis of flu-vaccine trials conducted in Nepal, Mali, and South Africa found that infants were 20% less likely to develop pneumonia if their mothers had been inoculated. 1 Reducing maternal mortality and morbidity is a priority for many national departments of health and for international organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite longstanding international commitments to reducing maternal mortality, so far progress has been disappointing. There have been substantial achievements from 1990 PLoS Med 2010;7:e1000264 [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2] This is a very interesting and indeed a 'wake-up call' article highlighting the high maternal mortality and morbidity prevalent in India and what can be done to reduce the enormity of the problem. The EPMM Strategies report fed into the development of the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents . Ghana's progress in further reducing maternal mortality is stunted by several challenges. Tel: +202 4580198; fax: +202 5223234; e-mail: jliljestrand@worldbank.org. Fast forward to the present day, it's so uncommon in the U.S. — only about 21 of 100,000 — that women who die from it end up on the news. Abstract. December 4, 2019 Zimbabwe's MDG target is to reduce MMR to 71 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2015. Secretary's Advisory Committee on Infant Mortality. Sub-saharan Africa has been reported to have the highest maternal death proportions of about 56% of global maternal deaths [1,3,7,8]. This maternal mortality estimate is substantially lower than estimates made in the 1980s, which ranged from 1005 to 2362 per 100,000 live births, in the same area. Northern Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, with approximately 1,012 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The AIM program is funded through a cooperative agreement with the Maternal and Child Health Key facts on maternal mortality (2): Each day, approximately 800 women die of preventable causes during childbirth and pregnancy. Maternal Mortality in Nigeria Strategies toward ending preventable maternal mortality (EPMM) FEBRUARY 2015 - The EPMM targets and strategies are grounded in a human rights approach to maternal and newborn health, and focus on eliminating significant inequities that lead to disparities in access, quality and outcomes of care within and between countries. Yet, in places that lack strong vital registration systems, a large proportion of these deaths may go unrecorded—and thus officials do not really know the extent of the maternal mortality problem and often don't have good information on which to base programs to reduce maternal mortality. 43. The EPMM Strategies report fed into the development of the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents . In contrast to the maternal mortality rate estimated from the NVSS, the PMSS produces a pregnancy-related mortality ratio (PRMR) defined as the Strategies to reduce global maternal mortality Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. of child deaths 2006# Infant mortality rate per 1000 live births 2006* MDG 5 - to reduce maternal mortality by three-quarters Strategies to reduce maternal mortality worldwide. This goal is structured around two key targets: (1) to reduce maternal mortality rates by 75% between We offer a diverse selection of courses from leading universities and cultural institutions from around the world. Strategies to reduce global maternal mortality LILL NYFLØT1 & VASILIS SITRAS2 1Norwegian National Advisory Unit for Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, and 2Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13356 A maternal death is a devastating event, with . Background: Approximately one-quarter of all pregnancy- and delivery-related maternal deaths worldwide occur in India. New strategy launched to help tackle maternal, child deaths in Sierra Leone . The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) stands at 576 per 100,000 live births (Demographic and Health Survey 2013). 2018 Jun;97(6):639-640. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13356. Skilled care before, during and after childbirth can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Nigeria, Africa's largest nation by population, has some of the worst maternal health indicators in the world. Of the Sustainable Development Goals, one (Sustainable Development Goal 3.1) specifically addresses maternal mortality; by 2030, the goal is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. Key Highlights Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) for Zimbabwe has declined from 960 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2010 to 614 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2014. Improving coverage and quality of skilled attendance at birth is also being increasingly emphasized. While India's maternal mortality rate declined substantially during 2004-2006 to 2014-2016, at an annual rate of 5%, the reduction is still short of what is required to achieve the National Health Policy target. The concept of knowing what works in terms of reducing maternal mortality is complicated by a huge diversity of country contexts and of determinants of maternal health. As a mother who has experienced the consequences of poor maternal health systems in Uganda, I thought it was time to tackle this crucial yet often neglected area of maternal health. Video describing strategies to reduce maternal mortality, including the three delays model. We begin by presenting the logic that informs our strategic choices. Country consultation on targets and strategies for EPMM. 14-16 April, 2014, Bangkok, Thailand 35 • Single strategy will not be enough to optimize maternal health worldwide. Country consultation on targets and strategies for EPMM. . If this is not achievable in a country, the goals are to reduce the 2010 baseline MMR by at least two-thirds and that no country should have an MMR over 140. A total of 9 of the 18 deaths . Annex 2. The appropriate outcomes—maternal, neonatal, and fetal mortality—are able to be measured, but since maternal mortality is a relatively rare event, obtaining an accurate estimate of the effectiveness of skilled attendance at childbirth on reducing maternal mortality would require a very large population study. Change in maternal mortality, 1980-2008: 181 countries . 1. Although developing Africa isn't 200 years behind the U.S. in terms of maternal mortality, rates are still high. Targets and strategies for ending maternal mortality: 16-17 January 2014, Geneva, Switzerland 33 Annex 4. In 2015, an estimated 303,000 women died as a result of pregnancy and childbirth-related complications (WHO 2015a). Global Issue - Maternal and Infant mortality. MDG 5: Improve maternal health. •Maternal mortality is low, but. Ninety-nine percent of the annual preventable maternal deaths from complications of pregnancy and childbirth occur in developing countries . Here we aim to show that, despite this complexity, only a few strategic choices need to be made to reduce maternal mortality. Targets for the Post-2015 Maternal Health Strategy Maternal health stakeholders strongly support the continued need for a specific global target for maternal mortality reduction in the post-2015 development framework, with the ultimate goal of end - ing all preventable maternal deaths. Worldwide, the majority of maternal deaths occur in developing countries, where women have little or no access to healthcare services. Worldwide, accelerated progress is required to achieve Millen-nium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 (reduce child mortality) and 5 (improve maternal health) as highlighted in the United Nations Secretary-General's Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health. These include a combination of female illiteracy, poor road infrastructure, skill shortages and . Strategies to reduce maternal mortality worldwide. family planning) and strategies that combined several interventions packaged as integrated services (e.g. The concept of knowing what works in terms of reducing maternal mortality is complicated by a huge diversity of country contexts and of determinants of maternal health. Preventing maternal mortality. Child mortality was given impetus by Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4, which aimed to reduce the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015. However, many women in developing countries do not have . Maternal mortality: the death of a woman during pregnancy and/or childbirth. the Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP), a global roadmap with strategic actions to end preventable newborn mortality and stillbirth by 2035.3 In 2015, the WHO published recom-mendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes.4 This recommendation focused on improving maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with preterm birth. Adapted from the March / April 2010 Global Health Matters article Fogarty grantees employ implementation science to reduce maternal deaths in Nigeria. Jithin Jose proposes a four-pronged strategy to sustain and accelerate the decline, RAFT - review of medical records, death certificates or autopsy reports of mothers; access to . The Road Map outlines various strategies which will guide policy makers, development partners, training institutions and service providers in supporting Government efforts towards . The challenge of reducing maternal mortality is increasingly being addressed by area-based efforts to improve access to care of obstetric emergencies. Increasing family planning was the most effective individual intervention to reduce pregnancy-related mortality.
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